What to expect
GNSS jamming and spoofing have moved from occasional anomalies to persistent operational hazards in parts of European airspace. This session provides a technical and operational analysis of the problem:
- GNSS jamming incident patterns 2023–2025 — the geographic distribution, frequency, and duration of significant jamming events in European airspace, including the Baltic region and Eastern Mediterranean, and how the pattern has evolved
- How jamming affects aircraft navigation systems — the practical impact on FMS, autopilot, and crew alerting when a jamming or spoofing signal is received, and the differences in aircraft system response depending on avionics generation
- The "hangover" phenomenon — the mechanism by which aircraft navigation systems can retain corrupted position or time data after the jamming signal is removed, creating residual navigational uncertainty that persists after the aircraft has left the affected area
- EUROCONTROL guidance and NOTAMs — the current state of operational guidance issued to crews and controllers for operating in GNSS-degraded environments
- Mitigation measures in deployment — the technical and procedural measures being deployed by ANSPs and airlines to reduce vulnerability, including alternative positioning, timing, and navigation (APNT) approaches
Key questions this session will address
What is the "GPS hangover" and why does it matter operationally? The term describes the period after an aircraft exits a GNSS-degraded environment during which its navigation systems may still be displaying or acting on corrupted position data. This session will explain the technical mechanism and its operational implications for crew awareness and ATC separation assurance.
Which areas of European airspace are most affected by GNSS interference? The Baltic region and Eastern Mediterranean have seen the highest concentration of reported jamming incidents. This session will examine the geographic and temporal patterns and what they imply for route planning, operational planning, and contingency procedures.
What mitigation is available to crews and controllers today? This session will address the practical actions crews and controllers can take when operating in or near GNSS-degraded environments, the limitations of current alternative navigation means, and the longer-term infrastructure investments being considered to reduce dependence on GNSS for primary navigation.
Why it matters
GNSS integrity is foundational to modern ATM. Performance-based navigation, continuous descent approaches, urban air mobility, and U-space all depend on reliable satellite positioning. As jamming and spoofing incidents increase in frequency and geographic scope, the industry needs a clear operational understanding of the risks and a coherent mitigation framework. This session provides the technical grounding for that conversation.